Galvanic cell: An electrochemical cell for which the cell reaction as written is spontaneous. It thus produces electricity as a result.
Gas Constant (R): Having a numerical value equal to 8.314 kJmol-1K-1, the gas constant is effectively a molarheat capacity.
Gauche: Where non eclipsed groups with lone pairs are not unaligned, but trans.
Gibb’s Free Energy: A thermodynamic state function, represented by G. The free energy is related to enthalpy and entropy by the equation: ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
Gibbs Energy of Reaction: (Reaction Gibbs Energy) The partial derivative of the Gibbs energy with respect to the extent of reaction.
Grignard Reagent: An organometallic compound with magnesium bonded to carbon.
Gross Selection Rule: A rule which specifies the general features that a molecule must have if it is to produce a particular type of spectrum.
Ground State: The lowest energy configuration of a system.
Group: Fairly arbitrary term referring to any part of a molecule – could be alkyl group, carbonyl group, functional group etc. etc.